3 Essential Steps to Convert Your Website to a Progressive Web App

Thinking to convert your website to a progressive web app? And why shouldn't you?

Since the benefits are obvious:
 

1. you “end up” with a website behaving like a native web app
2. … one that works offline (and “offline” is the new black these days, right?), having its own home-screen icon 
3. improved user experience: not only that your site goes mobile, but users don't even need to get your site-turned-into-an-app downloaded from an app store and then installed on their devices
    

Furthermore:

Putting together a PWA out of a regular website (or blog) is unexpectedly easy! Basically, any site/blog can be turned into a progressive web app...

No need to let yourself discouraged by terms such as:
 

• service workers
• web app manifest (or “manifest.json)
   

… for the whole process is actually far less complex than it sounds.

Here, see for yourself: go through the 3 essential steps it takes to convert your website to a progressive web app:
 

But First: All You Need to Know About PWAS— Benefits & Common Misconceptions

A succinct and clear enough definition of progressive web apps would be:

A PWA is a website that behaves like a native mobile app once visited on a mobile device.

Whereas a more detailed and comprehensive one would go something like this:

A PWA is a sum of modern web capabilities (and basic mobile capabilities) that enable users to save it on their own mobile devices (thus enjoying a native app-like experience) and access it offline, too.

And now, without getting into the old “native mobile app vs PWAs” debate, let me point out to you some of progressive web apps' most “luring” benefits:
 

• as compared to native apps, the setup process, on users' end, is significantly simplified: PWAs get instantly installed on their home screens, with no need to visit an app store for that
• they can get accessed offline, as well, via the home screen icon (a huge step forward from responsive web design)
• installation is conveniently lightweight: a few hundred KB
• essential files get cached locally (needless to say that this makes them faster than the standard web apps)
• they feature modern web capabilities: push notifications, cameras, GPS
• updates are run automatically, with no user interaction
• not only that they work offline, too, but once the network connection is restored, they synchronize the data 
   

And now, before we virtually convert your website to a progressive web app, let's go, briefly, through some of the most common misconceptions about PWAs:
 

a. A progressive web app is literally an... “application”.

Not necessarily:

A progressive web app can be a blog, an online shop, a collection of... dog memes, you name it.

Do not take the term “application” too literally when referring to PWAs. It's more of a concept, a code optimization technique which, once leveraged, "turbocharges” your app-like website or blog to deliver content faster.
 

b. Progressive Web Apps Are Developed Specifically for iOS or Android.

On the contrary! Probably one of PWAs' “hardest to resist to” advantage is that:

They're platform-independent.

So, you don't need to:
 

• develop separate codebases
• comply with platform-specific submission guidelines
   

c. Your Site Has to Be a JS-Based Single Page One So You Can Turn it Into a PWA.

Nothing of that sort!

If you're currently running... something on the web (be it a set of static HTML files), then you can easily make a PWA out of it! 

And now, let's go straight to the 3-step set up process of a PWA out of your regular website:
 

Step 1: Go HTTPS to Convert Your Website to a Progressive Web App

There's no way around it: the HTTPs protocol is the ONLY way to go when it comes to progressive web apps!

All data exchanges need to be served on a secure domain: over an HTTPs connection!

And how do you switch from HTTP to HTTPs? You get yourself an SSL certificate from a trusted authority.

Now, there are 2 ways to get hold of it:
 

1. if your site runs on your own server (or at least you have root access to your server), consider setting up the LetsEncrypt certificate.
2. if your website runs on a shared hosting, then both the process and the cost of your SSL certificate (for yes, there will be a monthly or an annual fee) depends greatly on your provider.
    

Step 2: Create a Web App Manifest 

“But what is a web app manifest?”, you might ask yourself.

A JSON text file that contains all the meta data of your PWA: description, scope, start_url, name, images, display, short_name...

It's this information that will let browsers know how precisely they should display your app once saved as a home-screen icon.

Now, before I go ahead and share a working example with you — one including the must-have entries of any web app manifest — I should also highlight that:

A link to this JSON text file should be placed in the <head> of all your PWA's pages:

<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">

That, of course, after you've:
 

1. entered all the information about your PWA
2. copied the manifest.json
3. created a new “manifest.json” file in the root directory of your site
4. and pasted it there 

It should be served with:
 

1. Content-Type: application/json HTTP header or
2. a Content-Type: application/manifest+json
    

And here's a “sample” piece of code:

{
    "name": "My PWA Sample App",
    "short_name" : "PWA",
    "start_url": "index.html?utm_source=homescreen",
    "scope" : "./",
    "icons": [
        {
            "src": "./android-chrome-192x192.png",
            "sizes": "192x192",
            "type": "image/png"
        },
        {
            "src": "./android-chrome-512x512.png",
            "sizes": "512x512",
            "type": "image/png"
        }
    ],
    "theme_color": "#ffee00",
    "background_color": "#ffee00",
    "display": "standalone"
}

Once the “Manifest” section of the Chrome's Development Tools Application tab has validated your JSON file, it will generate an “Add to home screen” link to be accessed on all desktop devices.

Tip: as you convert your website to a progressive web app you don't necessarily need to configure the manifest.json file yourself — with all its different images sizes, meta tags etc. Instead, if you want to make it quick, you can just make a 500x500 sized image of your PWA and then rely on Real Favicon Generator to create all the needed icon sizes and a manifest file for you!

And this is just one of the generators you could use!
 

Step 3: Set Up Your Service Worker

This is where the “true power” of your PWA lies:

A service worker is a JavaScript file, placed in your app's root, that plays the role of a “middleman” between the browser and the host. The one which, once installed in the supported browsers, intercepts and responds to the network request in different ways.

Note: in most cases, it's for caching all the static files, so that our PWAs can function offline, too, that we use service workers.

Now that we've seen what a service worker is, here's how you create one as you convert your website to a progressive web app:
 

a. You get it registered first things first.

For this, just run this code in the JS file on your site:

 if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { // register service worker navigator.serviceWorker.register('/service-worker.js'); }

Practically, it will check whether the browser does support Service Workers and, if it does, it registers your Service Worker file.

Note: NEVER call this file, inside your website, like this:

<script src="./service-worker.js"></script> 

b. If you do not need your PWA to work offline, too, just set up an empty /service-worker.js file.

Users will just be notified to install it on their devices!
 

c. Once you've registered your Service Worker, generate your Service Worker file, too.

For this, just run this command in your terminal:

$ npm install --global sw-precache

Next, go ahead and run it on your website directory:

$ sw-precache

Et voila! You will have generated a service-worker.js including the service worker contents.
 

Test It Out!

At this stage of the "convert your website to a progressive web app" process, you should:
 

1. check whether your service worker got properly registered and installed on Chrome
2. run a performance audit on your PWA, using Chrome's Lighthouse Extension
    

For the first operation, go through these 3 basic steps here:
 

1. press F12 to open your Chrome Dev Tools
2. click on the “Application” tab
3. next, on the sidebar, select “Service Workers” 
    

Then, check whether your service worker has been properly activated and is running normally:

Just tick the “Offline” checkbox and try reloading. Does your PWA-site still display its content, even when there's no internet connection?

Now let's run an audit using Chrome's dedicated testing tool, Lighthouse:
 

1. press F12 again to visualize the Chrome Dev Tools
2. select the “Audits” tab
3. then select “Perform an audit”
4. check all the suggested checkboxes
5. and finally, run the audit 
    

And here's how the generated report would look like:

The END! This is how you convert your website to a progressive web app in 3 steps:
 

1. enabling HTTPS
2. configuring your web app manifest
3. creating your service worker
    

See? Any website can be turned into a PWA and you don't need to be a senior developer to do it.

Check out our development services for Magento websites in Vancouver.